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Giovanni Lorenzo d'Anania
Giovanni Lorenzo d'Anania or Gian Lorenzo d'Anania ((ラテン語:Johannes Laurentius Anania), 1545–1609) was an Italian geographer and theologian.
== Biography ==
Little is known for certain of d'Anania's life; even his dates of birth and death are uncertain. He was born in Taverna, a city in the province of Catanzaro in Sila Piccola. He later studied natural science, languages and theology, probably in Naples. He certainly lived there for a few years and served as the teacher of the Archbisoph Mario Carafa. At Carafa's death on 11 September 1575, d'Anania returned to Taverna where he remained until his death (between 1607 and 1609).
During d'Anania's stay in Naples, he published his most famous work, ''L'Universale fabbrica del Mondo, ovvero Cosmografia'' (1573), a geographical work which consists of a preface and four volumes that provide a picture of geographical knowledge in the second half of the 16th century. A new, second edition was prepared in Venice in 1576, in which d'Anania supplemented physical geography, with history and anthropology, as well as information religious faiths.〔''L' vniuersale fabrica del mondo, ouero Cosmografia di M Gio. Lorenzo d'Anania, diuisa in quattro Trattati: ne' quali distintamente si misura il Cielo, e la Terra, & si descriuono particolarmente le Prouincie, Città, Castella, Monti, Mari, Laghi, Fiumi, & Fonti. Et si tratta delle Leggi, & Costumi di molti Popoli : de gli Alberi, & dell'Herbe, e d'altre cose pretiose, & Medicinali, & de gl'inuentori di tutte le cose, Di nuouo posta in luce, Con privilegio, In Venetia'' : ad instanza di Aniello San Vito di Napoli, 1576 ((on-line ))〕 The longest volume of the four treatises is the first, dedicated to Europe (the regions are discussed in this order: Ireland, England, Scotland, Portugal, Spain, France and Switzerland, Reno and Holland, Germany, Denmark, Italy, Slavonia, Bosnia and Raška, Albania, Bulgaria, Romania, Greece, Poland, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Norway, Sweden, Finland, Russia, Ukraine, and the Arctic); while the remaining three treatises cover Asia, Africa and West Indies.
D'Anania also authored a theological work titled ''De natura daemonum'', first published in Venice in 1570. In it, d'Anania posits the existence of demons, malevolent beings behind the works of astrologers and necromancers and who are responsible for any diseases which can be cured by the intercession of saints. ''De natura daemonum'' saw many editions, including that produced by Aldus Manutius.〔''De natura daemonum Io. Laurentii Ananiae tabernatis theologi, libri quatuor. Quorum I. Agit de origine & differentia daemonum. II. De eorundem in homines potestate. III. De his, quae daemones per se operantur in nobis. IV. De his, quae hominum auxilio peragunt. Quae omnia tum exemplis, tum rationibus philosophicis, ac theologicis comprobantur''. Venice: Aldus Manutius, 1589 ((on-line ))〕 In 1654 Gian Lorenzo's nephew, Marcello Anania, prepared an edition titled ''De substantiis separatis'', which contained the previously unpublished ''De natura Angelorum''.〔''De substantiis separatis, Opusculum primum De natura daemonum et occultis eorum operationibus; Opusculum secundum De natura angelorum et occultis eorum operationibus''. Roma: typis Iacobi Dragondelli, 1654〕
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